[52] “Cabo Ligado” Conflict Laboratory, ACLED, April 13, 2021. In late January 2021, Tropical Cyclone Eloise caused widespread damage and heavy flooding in central Mozambique. The entire coast of Cabo Delgado and the sea up to 92 km offshore was named a "Hull War, Piracy, Terrorism and Related Perils Listed Area" on 26 April by the Joint War Committee (JWC) of This edited volume examines the complexities of the Cold War in Southern Africa and uses a range of archives to develop a more detailed understanding of the impact of the Cold War environment upon the processes of political change. There is, nevertheless, cause for mild optimism. Gersony, Robert. View WHG - Student Resource - Early Modern - HO 4.1.pdf Noah Thoms.pdf from HISTORY 123 at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School. He says they have become serious problems since Frelimo came to power in Mozambique. Britain has offered similar help. 4 August 2021. Leonel Matias, “Moçambique: Ataque em Palma pode ter sido um “sinal” para o Governo,” Deutsche Welle, March 25, 2021.
21 October 2021; Ivory hunting drives evolution of tuskless elephants ... Ivory trading was used to finance a civil war in Mozambique from the late 1970s to early 1990s. Mozambique. The government of Mozambique has however not taken any publicly known steps to investigate all the allegations of abuse or punish those implicated. Using feminist lenses, the book puts forward a holistic and radical understanding of the synergies, tensions and contradictions between social movements and global, regional and local power structures and processes, and it points to other ... Of these 800 000 people that were displaced, a lot of them had their own land. The RDF has retaken key towns and secured roads to the gas infrastructure.
[48] Author interviews, regional analysts, April 2021. [49] “Mozambique – Attacks in Palma District,” United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, March 29, 2021.
Details of the Palma attack, if anything, reinforce the notion that ASWJ is primarily an evolution of the local Shabaab. "Cabo Delgado is one of the richest provinces of Mozambique, but it is one of the most neglected, marginalised and unequal", he says, "and that state of affairs has allowed the elites to distribute among themselves the wealth of that province.". The Brookings Institution's Africa Security Initiative and Initiative on Nonstate Armed Actors, in conversation with panelists from human rights groups, researchers, and political analysts, explored the international and internal drivers of the conflict, the threat it poses regionally, the policies adopted and peacebuilding strategies to address the underlying causes.
“Cabo Ligado, March 29 – April 4, 2021,” ACLED. South Africa’s army has faced years of austerity. Less clear, however, is how foreign fighters might impact ASWJ as an organization and the trajectory of the conflict in Mozambique,” Columbo and Austin C. Doctor wrote in a recent report.118. The most recent phase began in 2001 and has primarily revolved around U.S. and U.N. forces and allied Afghan troops fighting Taliban insurgents. The process of utilizing the profits of mining and drilling should be one of inclusivity and transparency, he says.
⢠Since 2017, Mozambique is arguably at one of its most critical moments since the end of the civil war, in a ⦠Pixabay, ISS, Tom Pietrasik/Christian Aid, Multi-billion dollar international investments, Amade Abubacar and Germano Daniel Adriano were arrested, The Brookings Institution's Africa Security Initiative. Maputo, 22 November, 2021 / 5:07 pm (ACI Africa). It is a sense of sovereignty,” Nyusi said in April 2021.104, The government has preferred to use military contractors such as the now-departed Wagner Group and DAG. A local police commander, Pedro da Silva Negro, showed visiting journalists where the bodies had been discovered but could not provide their identities. “‘We spent the night under heavy fire,’ recalls survivor after terrifying escape from Islamists in Mozambique,” CNN, April 3, 2021. This has been a banner year for Ahlu-Sunnah Wa-Jama (ASWJ)âor al-Shabaab, as locals call itâoperating in northern Mozambique.Between January and September, the insurgent group launched an estimated 357 ⦠The fighters, known locally as Shabaab, belong to Ahl al-Sunnah wa al Jamma’ah (ASWJ), which is one of two branches of the Islamic State’s Central African Province (ISCAP). [40] Quoted in Tim Lister and Vasco Cotovio, “The brutal attacks in Mozambique are a ‘game-changer’ and imperil a whole country’s financial future,” CNN, March 30, 2021. After back-to-back cyclones in 2019, Mozambique was ranked the country most affected by climate-related weather events in the world.
The first examines the attack on Palma. Eloise Floods Mozambique. See Warner et al., The Islamic State in Africa (forthcoming). " -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. Through ISCAP, ‘Islamic State core’ seeks to co-opt the achievements of the group as a demonstration of its continuing global appeal. [114] Dino Mahtani on Twitter, March 28, 2021.
Publication Type: Analysis and Commentary A military solution is not feasible because it won’t address those grievances and to date, has probably made those grievances worse.”115, João Feijó, author of the report on the abducted women, concluded that civilians in much of Cabo Delgado are caught between the violence of the insurgents and distrust of the security forces. Alessandro Ford, “‘Criminals and Terrorists’: Framing Mozambique’s Insurgency,” Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project, April 2, 2021. Children from the Vicente Tiago family of 30 people who fled ⦠In it, he estimated some $600m-800m of heroin transited through Mozambique annually, with $100m used to bribe members of Frelimo. Twenty Years After 9/11: What Is the Future of the Global Jihadi Movement. The Insurgency in Cabo Delgado is an ongoing conflict in Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique, mainly fought between Islamist militants attempting to establish an Islamic state in the region, and Mozambican security forces. However, RMJ attacks appear to have ceased since February 2021 and most commanders and fighters have belatedly joined the demobilization, disarmament, and reintegration program.
2.
Over 100 000 people have been displaced and at least 700 have died in the majority-Christian country of Mozambique since 2017, as the spread of radical Islamic extremism in Africa is ⦠The United Nations estimates the conflict displaced 580,000 civilians in Cabo Delgado in 2020 alone.49 About 44,000 of them had taken shelter in Palma before the attack in March.50 The total number of IDPs due to the conflict in the north is now thought to be close to 700,000.51, There is little concrete evidence about how the insurgency sustains itself. 25 United Nations, âUNODC Assists Mozambique to Address Growing Threat of Illicit Trafficking and Terrorismâ, (Office on Drugs and Crimes, 12 July 2019). On March 29, 2021, in the aftermath of the attack, Portuguese Foreign Minister Augusto Santos Silva said: “We are planning and preparing a team of around 60 Portuguese service members that will support the Mozambican armed forces in the training of Special Forces.” He also anticipated further assistance at the European level.91, There are also military contractors such as DAG—which provides air cover for ground forces—and Paramount, which has a strictly training role.92 However, it appears that the DAG contract with the government was not renewed when it expired early in April 2021, despite the company’s efforts in Palma.93, The Russian contingent, at one point some 160 strong, from the Wagner Group, which was deployed with considerable fanfare in 2019,94 was not involved in the response to the Palma attack. Dino Mahtani, Deputy Director, Africa Program at International Crisis Group says military interventions are unlikely going to eradicate this problem, which is essentially a problem of the grass-root level and societal issues that have blown up. Maite Fernández Simon 10/22/2021. In Youth and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Agents of Change, Stephanie Schwartz goes beyond these highly publicized cases and examines the roles of the broader youth population in post-conflict scenarios, taking on the complex task of ... Despite its plentiful natural resources, it remains Mozambique’s poorest province. So long as the people of Cabo Delgado see few benefits from the development of local natural resources, and see a state unable to provide health care, education, jobs and security, grievances will fester. MOZAMBIQUE 570 - Mozambique news reports & clippings â26 September 2021 - 3 Oil for Development was established in 2005 to assist partner countries in the management of oil and gas resources to promote sustainable economic growth and welfare, but now the money will be used for greener projects. Before hostilities began, Mozambican scholars and local journalists were already sounding alarms about the government's response to growing discontent.
Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are produced or commissioned by AllAfrica. Ivor Roberts, “Unholy Alliance: Links between extremism and illicit trade in east Africa,” Counter Extremism Project, March 2021.
“State Department Terrorist Designations of ISIS Affiliates and Leaders in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mozambique,” U.S. Department of State, March 10, 2021. In June 2019, the Islamic State released a statement on Telegram describing ASWJ as “soldiers of the caliphate.”59 A month later, ISCAP/ASWJ repledged allegiance to al-Baghdadi as part of the “And the Best Outcome is for the Righteous” series.60 That was also when the first video emerged of ISCAP fighters in Mozambique pledging allegiance to al-Baghdadi.61.
Today the conflict continues unabated and the humanitarian situation grows ever more urgent. This book analyses the crisis and some of its contributing factors.
[100] “Cabo Delgado Insurgents kill again in attacks on coastal Macomia,” Zitamar News, March 30, 2021. They used explosives to attack and rob two banks, with some reports suggesting they seized about $1 million because military salaries for the area had recently arrived.34 By March 28, 2021, their objectives had been achieved: seizing cash and food aid, while putting Total and the government on notice that Afungi was not safe. An aerial view shows temporary housing for displaced people in the Napala Agrarian Center in the Metuge district in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique.
Landmines were first laid in the 1960s during the war for independence from Portugal, then in the civil war that followed. Posted on January 4, 2021 by Carl P Turner. [99] “Cabo Ligado Monthly, March 2021,” ACLED, April 15, 2021. 8th APRIL 2021. However, the preparations for such an assault must have begun before the announcement. The Political Economy of Mozambiqueâs âFaceless Insurgencyâ.
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Other media have faced intimidation and worse. [35] “Cabo Ligado, March 29 – April 4, 2021,” ACLED. Michael Knights, Crispin Smith, Hamdi Malik, Internship and Research Assistantship Program. The report, by the Panel of Experts on Somalia, asserted that after rifts within the Somali Islamic State affiliate, a senior commander, Mohamed Ahmed “Qahiye,” fled to Ethiopia in 2018 and subsequently traveled to Mozambique.84 The U.N. report stated that “the arrival of ‘Qahiye’, a veteran military operator, into the ranks of Islamic State Central Africa Province is a significant acquisition for the group and highlights the linkages between terrorist networks across the African continent.”85 However, there is no independent evidence of Qahiye’s presence in Mozambique. Mozambique informed Ugandan authorities of the arrests in May 2018. See also “Moçambique. On March 24, 2021, ISIS-affiliated Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jamaah (ASWJ) insurgents ambushed Palma, northern Mozambique, killing dozens of civilians. The designation and description of ASWJ as “ISIS-Mozambique” by the United States is potentially a double-edged sword. This convoy was ambushed soon after leaving Palma.26 Mozambican authorities said seven people were killed in this ambush. The UN has been waiting for more than four months for visas for 57 humanitarian experts for ⦠November 12, 2021. This commentary was originally published in War on the Rocks on October 8, 2020.. They are angry at the way they have been treated by security forces, and they are hopeless," Machado says. In a heart-wrenching, candid autobiography, a human rights activist offers a firsthand account of war from the perspective of a former child soldier, detailing the violent civil war that wracked his native Sierra Leone and the government ... [82] Warner et al., The Islamic State in Africa (forthcoming); “Authorities name 2 Mozambican men suspected leaders of Mocímboa attacks; link them to Tanzania, Sudan, Saudi Arabia,” Club of Mozambique, December 4, 2017; “Police commander identifies Islamist terrorist leaders – AIM report,” Club of Mozambique, August 14, 2018.
Mozambique. But since the golden goose that is the liquefied natural gas (LNG) project waddled off, he has been more purposeful. [105] Author interviews, regional analysts, April 2021. The best country-by-country assessment of human rights. The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. By mid-February 2021, more than three years after the start of the insurgency, 798 incidents of conflict in Cabo Delgado have been recorded, with nearly 4,000 fatalities and 600,000 refugees. At present, however, the insurgency in Cabo Delgado is more damaging and threatening to the future of Mozambique than at any time since it began in 2017. Agriculture contributes to over a quarter of Mozambiqueâs GDP making water necessary to maintain the countryâs agricultural production. The attack on Palma in late March 2021 likely involved as few as 200 fighters, but they were able to control the area for four days—an indictment of the Mozambican security forces. This was confirmed to the author by aid officials on background. This book examines the multifaceted nature of conflict and the importance of the socio-economic and political contexts of conflict and violence and shows how to support ongoing initiatives and programs to build sustainable peace on the ... As Emilia Columbo of the Center for Strategic and International Studies puts it, the security forces’ response “was in keeping with what we have seen these past years—weak, reactive, insufficient to keep the insurgency in check.”41, The insurgents were clearly helped by detailed local knowledge, having probably had supporters providing information from inside the town for weeks or even months. “Mozambique: Military maritime cooperation agreement with France under discussion,” Club of Mozambique, July 17, 2020. REUTERS/Suhaib Salem. “U.S. Jihadists seized Mocímboa da Praia in August last year. To complete the process, please follow the instructions in the email we just sent you. [59] Caleb Weiss, “Islamic State claims first attack in Mozambique,” Long War Journal, June 4, 2019. [b] This article also draws on relevant extracts of a soon-to-be published book on the Islamic State in Africa, which were shared by its authors. 7:46 CAT | 19 Apr 2021. in file CoM.
The April 2021 edition of the Fiscal Monitor focuses on tailoring fiscal responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and adopting policies to reduce inequality and gaps
The Southern African Development Community (SADC), a 16-nation economic and security alliance, has intervened by deploying troops to dislodge the insurgents. Water is also â¦
This is problematic, she says, because the rainy season is approaching, which might present challenges for humanitarian organisations attempting to reach displaced people. Whether it begins to attract fighters from further afield as a result of its success, and becomes ideologically and operationally more closely bound to the Islamic State, is the outstanding question. In 1993, when HALO began working in Mozambique, it was one of the most heavily mined countries in the world.
AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa - aggregating, producing and distributing 700 news and information items daily from over 100 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. MAPUTO, REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE. Nuvunga says both the international private sector and the government need to adopt policies of economic development that spread the wealth among local communities. It was the most complex since the insurgents’ attack on the port of Mocimboa da Praia in August 2020 and has led to the largest displacement of civilians since then.37 It was the most ambitious attack yet launched in the area adjacent to the Total complex in the Afungi Peninsula to the southeast of the town. In December 2020, the group launched its first attacks adjacent to the Total complex, causing the company to suspend work there. "My fear about Cabo Delgado is that when we start talking about amnesty, we seem to forget that this conflict is more than just about the government and the militants. Tim Lister and Vasco Cotovio, “The brutal attacks in Mozambique are a ‘game-changer’ and imperil a whole country’s financial future,” CNN, March 30, 2021. Fuga de Palma leva centenas para fronteira com a Tanzânia,” Mundo ao Minuto, March 29, 2021. Raymakers says it is stunning that the security forces were not better prepared for such an attack and that their capabilities have not improved despite the insurgency being in its fourth year. Analysts and local advocates urged the government to respond by listening to the grievances and presenting plans to address them that would bring hope to communities.
The military is still training to use combat helicopters, and military fighting vehicles are “completely unable to meet the current security threat,” he believes.45. The committee's research agenda has been designed to supplement the work of other groups, particularly the Carnegie Corporation of New York's Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, which issued its final report in December 1997. McMaster, Former National Security Advisor, Discordance in the Iran Threat Network in Iraq: Militia Competition and Rivalry, Cash Camps: Financing Detainee Activities in Al-Hol and Roj Camps. However, France has been in contact with the Mozambican authorities since 2020 over the possibility of maritime cooperation, using French facilities in Mayotte in the Indian Ocean. Marcelo Mosse, “Detalhes do ataque à Palma: De como os terroristas ludibriaram as FDS para alcançarem o centro da vila,” Carta de Mocambique, March 25, 2021. Opponents of Messrs Nyusi and Kagame speculate that France is footing the bill. They were also well enough equipped to hit at least one DAG helicopter that fired on them.33, In the final analysis, the insurgents were able to remain in Palma for four days. SADC troops were deployed only on August 9th. However, some believe the U.S. designations of the ISCAP franchises may be counterproductive. the war in Cabo Delgado, its causes, and implications will remain incomplete. After the country gained independence from Portuguese colonizers in 1975, it was plunged into civil war. Born of the author's intimate knowledge of the region, his understanding of
Aftermath of Mozambique's civil war What is now the Gorongosa National Park, once used to be a region largely inhabited by elephants and that is what drove the evolutionary change decades later.
Mozambique entered a bloody civil war in 1977. [a] This article generally refers to the group as ASWJ. The development of the LNG industry has at least the potential to improve the economic fortunes of Cabo Delgado and all of Mozambique, if corruption can be tamed and infrastructure developed. In a majority Christian country, ASWJ does not pose an existential threat to the government. In this book, African, European, and U.S. experts examine these important issues and the prospects for conflict management and resolution in Africa. [68] “Understanding the New U.S. They have called for an independent investigations into the alleged abuses. Insurgent Strength and Government Failings Located in southeastern Africa, Mozambique is a low-income, food-deficit country with a largely rural population of 28 million.It ranked 181 of 189 countries in the 2020 Human Development Index, 103 of 107 in the 2020 Global Hunger Index, and 127 of 162 in the 2019 Gender Inequality Index..
[78] Austin C. Doctor, “The Looming Influx of Foreign Fighters in Sub-Saharan Africa,” War on the Rocks, August 18, 2020. "We are not just talking about an armed group that is operating in a vacuum in Mozambique, it is part of a regional conflict system. At turns surprising, funny, and gut-wrenching, this is the hopeful story of the ordinary yet extraordinary people who have figured out how to build lasting peace in their communities The word "peacebuilding" evokes a story we've all heard ...
However, after the events at al-Aqsa and the major escalation in rockets and bombs, it is unclear if a new war can be avoided.
Tanzania, whose main city, Dar es Salaam, is just 700km from Pemba, has been wary of involvement. According to a Hudson Institute study, in 2020, “the lion’s share of its photo and video propaganda was devoted to the exploits of provincial franchises in the Lake Chad Basin and the Greater Sahara and, to a slightly lesser extent, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Mozambique.”87 But the authors of the study caution that “while its foothold in Nigeria is a well-established reality now, the situation is markedly less clear when it comes to its alleged activities in the DRC and Mozambique.”88. [89] Declan Walsh and Eric Schmitt, “American Soldiers Help Mozambique Battle an Expanding ISIS Affiliate,” New York Times, March 15, 2021.
The international response may bring back the gas companies. A small detachment of U.S. Special Forces trainers—about a dozen U.S. Army Green Berets—arrived in Mozambique in early 2021, but they have no operational role and are based far from the conflict zone.89 The U.S. embassy in Mozambique emphasized that the two-month training program was part of “a multi-faceted and holistic approach to counter and prevent the spread of terrorism and violent extremism. That liberation war ran from 1962 and was led by the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO). The attack reverberated around the world because Palma was home to hundreds of foreign workers, most of them contractors for the Total liquefied natural gas (LNG) project on the nearby Afungi Peninsula. “On the beach we had support from small boats who carried us out and we were rescued by cargo ships,” one survivor said.12 Thousands more fled toward the Total compound to seek protection, taking shelter in a village at the edge of the complex.13 By some estimates, more than 20,000 people arrived at Total’s perimeter.14, Some 10,000 people arrived in the town of Pemba, mainly by boat, in the days after the attack, while others headed west through the bush to the garrison town of Mueda, which is now the military’s northernmost outpost.15 Several hundred others arrived at the border with Tanzania but were not allowed to enter the country;16 a full week after the attack, many more were still believed to be in the forests around Palma.17 Aid agencies believe some 40,000 people were displaced, of whom some 18,000 had arrived in other parts of Cabo Delgado by April 14, 2021.18, The attackers appear to have included many teenagers, according to witness accounts. In this conflict-briefing, Dr Benjamin Petrini, Jasmine Opperman, Professor Adriano Alfredo Nuvunga and Elizabeth Shackelford will address the dynamics of the conflict in Mozambique, considering the recent escalation, security dimensions and major economic impacts at the domestic and international levels, as well as the outlook for the country and the region.
The more fortunate reached nearby beaches and were taken off by small boats. In the wake of the government's actions, the conflict attracted Islamic supremacists from outside Mozambique, generally referred to as Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jammah (ASWJ), and the area has seen gruesome attacks, including the beheading of women and children. See also Christina Goldbaum, Eric Schmitt, and Declan Walsh, “As Militants Seize Mozambique Gas Hub, a Dash for Safety Turns Deadly,” New York Times, March 28, 2021. ", Get the latest in African news delivered straight to your inbox.
[51] Author interviews, aid officials, April 2021. Addressing root causes of insurgency and humanitarian crisis in Cabo Delgado is key to stabilizing this strategically important northern province.
He said the insurgents had entered the hotel and abducted the men, and then beheaded them.28, By March 28, 2021, DAG helicopters had airlifted some 120 people from the area and the insurgents had left the town, though were still present for several days in the surrounding forest.29 Mozambican President Filipe Nyusi insisted the following week the insurgents had been “chased out” of Palma,30 but other reports suggest they left at will.
It is worth recalling that the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria only became an “international” problem with the massacres of the Yazidi population in northern Iraq and the Islamic State onslaught against the Kurdish town of Kobani in northern Syria. Hanlon, “Mozambique Palma attack: Why IS involvement is exaggerated.”. The attack on Palma was highly significant for several reasons. For Mr Kagame the mission has several aims. By March 2018, Mozambican state media was broadcasting images of men of “Asian descent”—possibly Tanzanians of Arab descent—who had been purportedly killed in fighting in Mocimboa da Praia.77 Between May 2017 and March 2018, the Mozambican authorities claimed to have prosecuted 370 individuals associated with what was then known as al-Shabaab (though it had no link with the Somali group of the same name). The insurgency then grew. In the aftermath of the Palma attack, the decision by Total to evacuate its complex and essentially halt all work at Afungi is a bitter blow to the government and calls into question the viability of the project on the current timeline. He had been reluctant to invite soldiers from the Southern African Development Community (SADC), which worries about insecurity spreading across the region.
“Mozambique: Protect Residents Fleeing Northern Town,” Human Rights Watch, March 26, 2021.
It has evidently now grown into something much more serious,” according to Dino Mahtani of the International Crisis Group.114, Columbo says the government of Mozambique is not close to developing, let alone implementing, a comprehensive strategy to neutralize the insurgency. The Attack on Palma
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